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molamola»çÀÇ ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå Makua ÇÁ¸®¿¥ÇÁ (dacÀåÂø 900¸¸¿ø/Æ÷³ë300¸¸¿ø ¿É¼Ç) ³×µ¨¶õµå Á¦ÀÛ / DAC ¸ðµâ( DSDÁö¿ø)Ãß°¡ , Æ÷³ë¿É¼Ç Ãß°¡

 

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Mola-Mola Makua Pre, Kaluga Monoblock Power Amplifier
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»õ ¾ÚÇÁ¸¦ ¸®ºäÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¼³·»´Ù. ¿ì¼±Àº ¿Ü°üÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿îÁöºÎÅÍ »ìÇÉ´Ù. ¡®¸ø»ý°Üµµ ¸ÀÀº ÁÁ¾Æ¡¯ ÀÌ µûÀ§ ¸»¿¡ °áÄÚ Âùµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³» ¹æ¿¡ µé¿©³õÀ» ¾ÚÇÁ¶ó¸é ´õ´õ¿í ¸ø»ý±ä °Ç ¿ë³³ÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¡®Àß»ý±è¡¯Àº ½Ç·ç¿§°ú »ö並 Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÑ µðÀÚÀθ¸ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ³ª»çÀÇ Á¶¸³»óźÎÅÍ °¢Á¾ ÀÔÃâ·Â ´ÜÀÚÀÇ ¸¶°¨, ¼¨½ÃÀÇ °¡°øÇ°Áú, ¹æ¿­ÆÇÀÇ ±ÕÀϼº, º¼·ý ¹× ³ëºêÀÇ Á¶ÀÛ°¨, µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌ Ã¢ÀÇ ½ÃÀμº µîÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¾Æ¿ì¸¥´Ù.



 

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´ÙÀ½Àº ³»ºÎ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¼³°è µðÀÚÀο¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇØ ¾î¶² ȸ·Î¸¦ äÅÃÇßÀ¸¸ç ¾î¶² ºÎÇ°µéÀ» È°¿ëÇß´ÂÁö ÀÏÀÏÀÌ µûÁö´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÇÊÀÚ´Â Áñ°Ì´Ù. Àü¿ø Æ®·£½ºÀÇ Å©±â, Ä¿ÆнÃÅÍÀÇ ¹èÄ¡, ÆÄ¿ö¼­ÇöóÀÌÀÇ ³»¿ª, °¢Á¾ ±âÆÇÀÇ ¿­°ú ¿À, DAC Ĩ°ú °¢Á¾ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ/Áø°ø°üÀÇ ¹è¿­, ¹è¼±°ú Ä¿³ØÅÍ ¿¬°á »óÅ µîÀ» ½Ç¹°À̳ª »çÁøÀ» ÅëÇØ ²Ä²ÄÈ÷ »ìÇÉ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ±Ù°£ÀÎ ÁõÆø ȸ·Î³ª ÇØ´ç ºê·£µå°¡ ³»¼¼¿ì´Â °íÀ¯ ±â¼úÀÇ °æ¿ì ¹ã»õ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» µÚÁ®¼­¶óµµ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ±× Çٽɸ¸Å­Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ¾Ö¾´´Ù.

 

±×¸®°í´Â ½ºÆå°ú ûÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®½ºÆåÀº Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. Á÷Á¢ µé¾îº¸°í °áÁ¤ÇÏ¶ó¡¯ ÀÌ ½Ã°Ç¹æÁø ¸»Åõµµ Çø¿ÀÇÑ´Ù. µ¿³× ½Ä´ç¸¸ °¡µµ ¿ø»êÁö Ç¥½Ã°¡ ÀÖ°í, °úÀÚºÀÁö¿¡µµ Ä®·Î¸®¿Í ¿µ¾ç¼Ò, ³»¿ëºÒ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÜ¶à ½áÀִµ¥, Àü±â/ÀüÀÚ/Àç·á/±Ý¼Ó/À½Çâ °øÇÐÀÇ °áÁ¤Ã¼ÀÎ ¾ÚÇÁ¿¡°Ô¼­ ½ºÆåÀ» ´ëÃæ ¿©°Ü¶ó? Àý´ë µ¿ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ½ºÆåÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ³ª ¼ºÀÇÀÖ°Ô ±×¸®°í ¾ç½É²¯ Á¤È®È÷ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´ÂÁö°¡ ±× Á¦ÀÛ»çÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌÀÚ ³»°øÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÆåÀº ±âº»ÀÌ´Ù.



 

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°£¸¸¿¡ ¼­·ÐÀÌ ±æ¾îÁ³´Ù. À̹ø ½Ãû±âÀÎ ³×´ú¶õµå ¸ô¶ó¸ô¶ó(Mola-Mola)ÀÇ DAC ³»Àå ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Makua¡¯¿Í ¸ð³ëºí·° Ŭ·¡½ºD ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Kaluga¡¯°¡ ¿ÃÇØ Ã³À½ µé¾îº» ºê·£µåÀÇ ¾ÚÇÁ¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÆ´Ù. óÀ½ Á¢ÇÑ °ÍÀº Áö³­ 3¿ù ÇÏÀÌÆÄÀÌŬ·´ ÁÖÃÖ·Î ¿­¸° ¡®2017 ¸á·Ð ¼­¿ï±¹Á¦¿Àµð¿À¼î¡¯¿¡¼­¿´´Ù. ´ç½Ã ¹°·Á ÀÖ´ø ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â µ¶ÀÏ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ(Voxativ)ÀÇ Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¡®Zeth¡¯. ¾î¾ÈÀÌ º¡º¡ÇØÁú Á¤µµ·Î ¼Ò¸®°¡ ÁÁ¾Æ ³î¶ú°í, ¹°°á ¸ð¾ç¿¡ ¹Ì´Ï¸ÖÇÑ ¾ÚÇÁ µðÀÚÀο¡ µÎ¹ø ³î¶ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼öÀÔ»ç ½Ãû½Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÌ Á¶ÇÕÀ» Çѹø ´õ µé¾ú°í(À̶§´Â º°µµ ¼Ò½º±â±â µ¿¿ø), ÀÌÈÄ ¾Æ¿¹ ³¯À» Àâ¾Æ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ À¯ÀÏÀÇ ºÏ½©ÇÁ Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ¡®Hagen¡¯¿¡ ¹°·Á º»°Ý ¸®ºä¿¡ ÀÓÇß´Ù(À̶§´Â ³»Àå DAC È°¿ë).   

 

 

¡°Mola-Mola & Bruno Putzeys¡±

 

 

¸ô¶ó¸ô¶ó´Â Çʸ³½º Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¿Àµð¿À ¿£Áö´Ï¾î ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ(Bruno Putzeys)¿Í ¾á ÆäÅ͸£ ¹Ý ¾Æ¸Þ·Õ°Õ(Jan-Peter van Amerongen)ÀÌ ³×´ú¶õµå ±×·Î´×°Õ(Groningen)¿¡ ¼³¸³ÇÑ ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå ¿Àµð¿À Á¦ÀÛ»ç. ¿ì¸®¸» ¡®¸ô¶ó¡¯¿Í ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¹ßÀ½ÀÌ °°¾Æ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ¿ÀÇظ¦ »ç±â ½±Áö¸¸, »ç½Ç ¡®Mola¡¯´Â ¹Ù´å¹°°í±âÀÎ °³º¹Ä¡¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î À̵éÀÇ ½º¸¶Æ®ÆùÀ̳ª PC/MAC ¾Û µðÀÚÀÎÀº ±Í¿©¿î °³º¹Ä¡ ¸ð¾çÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®Makua¡¯¿Í ¡®Kaluga¡¯ ¿ª½Ã ¿·¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ºÎµå·¯¿î À¯¼±Çü ¸ð¾çÀÇ °³º¹Ä¡ ¼¨½Ã µðÀÚÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ¾î·µç µÎ Á¦Ç° ¸ðµÎ ±º´õ´õ±â ¾ø´Â ¹Ì´Ï¸ÖÇÑ ¿Ü°ü°ú ¼¼·ÃµÈ Æйи® ·èÀÌ ´«±æÀ» ²ö´Ù.

 


 

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±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌÀÇ ÀÌ·ÂÀ» ¸çÄ¥ ÁýÁßÇؼ­ »ìÆ캸´Ï »ý°¢ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¿´´Ù. º§±â¿¡ Å»ýÀÇ ±×´Â Çʸ³½º¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ±×¸² ¿Àµð¿À(Grimm Audio)¿Í ÇÏÀÌÆ彺(Hypex)¿¡¼­µµ °æ·ÂÀ» ½×¾Ò´Âµ¥, Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁ ȸ·Î¿Í DAC, ADC, DSP ¾Ë°í¸®Áò, ½ºÀ§Äª ÆÄ¿ö¼­ÇöóÀÌ°¡ ±×ÀÇ Àü¹®ºÐ¾ß¿´´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±×°¡ ÇÏÀÌÆ彺 ÀçÁ÷ ½ÃÀýÀÎ Áö³­ 2001³â Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ °íÁúÀû ¹®Á¦¿´´ø °í¿ª´ë ·Ñ¿ÀÇÁ Çö»óÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÑ ¡®Universal Class D(UcD)¡¯ ȸ·Î¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿Àµð¿À°è ÀüüÀÇ Å« ¼öÈ®À¸·Î Æò°¡µÈ´Ù.

 

½ºÇÇÄ¿ ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º º¯È­¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÁÖÆļö ÀÀ´äƯ¼ºÀ» È®º¸ÇÑ ÀÌ ¾ÚÇÁ ȸ·Î´Â Èʳ¯ MBLÀÇ ¸®´Ï¾î ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ½ºÀ§Äª ¾ÚÇÁ ȸ·Î(Linear Analog Switching Amplifier. LASA)ÀÇ Åä´ë°¡ µÆ´Ù. ¿Àµð¿À ¾ËÄɹÌ(Audio Alchemy)ÀÇ Å¬·¡½ºD ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®DPA-1¡¯¿¡ äÅÃµÈ Ãâ·Â¸ðµâµµ ÀÌ ¡®UcD¡¯´Ù. À̾î À̸¦ ´õ¿í ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÑ ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯Àº ¼¼Å¸ µðÁöÅÐ(Theta Digital)ÀÇ ¸ð³ëºí·° ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Prometheus¡¯ µî¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. À̹ø ½Ãû±âÀÎ ¡®Kaluga¡¯ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ¿¡ äÅÃµÈ ¸ðµâµµ ÀÌ ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯À» Ä¿½ºÅÒ µðÀÚÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

 

¡°Makua ¼³°èµðÀÚÀΡ±

 

 

¡®Makua¡¯´Â ¶óÀÎ ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁÀε¥, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¸ðµâÈ­ÇÑ °¢ ÁõÆø´ÜÀ» ¡®Â÷µ¿ÁõÆø¡¯(single-ended driven differential) ȸ·Î·Î ¼³°è, ³ëÀÌÁî À¯ÀÔÀ» ¸·Àº Á¡ÀÌ ´«±æÀ» ²ö´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±×¸¸Å­ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ÀÎÅÍÄ¿³ØÅÍ ¼±Åÿ¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù´Â Àǹ̴Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ DSDµµ Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â DAC¿Í LP¸¦ Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æ÷³ë¾ÚÇÁ¸¦ ¿ª½Ã ¸ðµâ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ³»ºÎ¿¡ ÀåÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¡µµ Å« Ư¡. À̹ø ½Ãû±â´Â ¼³¸³ÀÚÀÎ ºê·ç³ë Ǫġ½º°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼³°èÇÑ DAC°¡ ³»ÀåµÈ ¸ðµ¨. PCMÀº 32ºñÆ®/384khz±îÁö, DSD´Â DSD256±îÁö Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÔ·ÂÀÓÇÇ´ø½º´Â 100k¿È, Ãâ·ÂÀÓÇÇ´ø½º´Â 44¿È, ÃÖ´ë Ãâ·ÂÀü¾ÐÀº 7.75Vrms, ¿ÖÀ²(THD)Àº -150dB, ´ë¿ªÆøÀº ¹«·Á 200kHz ÀÌ»ó¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.



 

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ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ »ìÆ캸¸é Àü¸é ÆгΠÁß¾Ó¿¡ Å­Áö¸·ÇÏ°Ô ´Þ¸° ³ëºê´Â °ÔÀÎ Á¶ÀýÀ» À§ÇÑ º¼·ý. ¾îÅ×´º¿¡ÀÌÅÍ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸±·¹ÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ º¼·ýÀε¥ ¸±·¹ÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ´ÙÀ̳»¹Í ·¹ÀÎÁö¿Í ¸®´Ï¾î¸®Æ¼¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. °ÔÀÎ Á¶Àý¹üÀ§´Â -70dB~+15dB·Î, °¢ °ÔÀÎ ½ºÅÜÀº 1dB À̳»(°¡Ã»´ë¿ª¿¡¼­´Â 0.2dB)¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀԷ´ÜÀº ¾ð¹ë·±½º(RCA)¿Í ¹ë·±½º(XLR)°¡ °¢°¢ 5Á¶¾¿ ¸¶·ÃµÆ°í, Ãâ·Â´ÜÀº ¹ÙÀ̾ÚÇÎÀ» À§ÇØ 2Á¶°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÆ´Ù. Æ®¸®°Å ¾Æ¿ôDz, ºí·çÅõ½ºµµ µÈ´Ù.



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DAC ÆÄÆ® ¿ª½Ã ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌÀÇ Àü°øÀÎ ¸¸Å­ ±×°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼³°èÇß´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü ÀԷ½ÅÈ£´Â PCM, DSD À½¿ø ¸ðµÎ 32ºñÆ®/3.125MHz·Î ¾÷»ùÇøµµÈ ÈÄ ³ëÀÌÁî ½¦ÀÌÇÎÀ» °ÅÃÄ ÆÞ½º(Pulse) ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù(PWM ¹æ½Ä/Á¿ìä³Î). ÀÌ ÆÞ½º ½ÅÈ£°¡ ÀÌÈÄ º»°Ý ÄÁ¹öÆÿ¡ µ¹ÀÔÇÑ´Ù. Áï, µð½ºÅ©¸®Æ® 32´Ü FIR(Finite Impulse Response) ÇÊÅÍ¿Í ½Ì±Û ½ºÅ×ÀÌÁö 4Â÷ ¿À´õ ÇÊÅ͸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯È­µÇ´Â °Í. ÀÌ ¶§ÀÇ SNRÀº ¹«·Á 140dB¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ 100MHz SCÄÆ Å©¸®½ºÅÐ ¿À½Ç·¹ÀÌÅÍ°¡ Ŭ·°À¸·Î µ¿¿øµÈ´Ù. ÁöÅÍ´Â 10Hz~1kHz¿¡¼­ 1ps, 1kHz À̻󿡼­µµ 300fs¿¡ ±×Ä£´Ù.

 

 

¡°Kaluga ¼³°èµðÀÚÀΡ±

 

 

¡®Kaluga¡¯´Â Á¿ìä³ÎÀ» °¢°¢ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â µÎ µ¢ÀÌ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ·Î, ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¸ðµâÀº ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ°¡ ÇÏÀÌÆ彺 ÀçÁ÷ ½ÃÀý °³¹ß, 93%¶ó´Â °æÀÌÀûÀÎ È¿À²À» ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯ Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆø ¸ðµâÀ» äÅÃÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº µÚ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸, Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆøÀ» ÅëÇØ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º°ªÀÌ 8¿ÈÀÏ °æ¿ì ¹«·Á 400W Ãâ·ÂÀ» »Õ¾î³½´Ù. 4¿È¿¡¼­´Â 700W, ½ÉÁö¾î À¢¸¸ÇÑ ¾ÚÇÁ¶ó¸é Ȧ¶û Ÿ¹ö¸± 2¿È¿¡¼­µµ 1200W¸¦ ³½´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ Æø 20cm, ³ôÀÌ 11cm, ¾È±æÀÌ 33.5cm¿¡ ¹«°Ô°¡ 7kg¹Û¿¡ ¾È³ª°£´Ù. Ãâ·Â ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º°¡ 0.002¿È¿¡ ºÒ°úÇØ ´ïÇÎÆÑÅÍ°¡ ¹«·Á 4000ÀÎ Á¡, ¿Ö°î(THD)ÀÌ 0.003% ÀÌÇÏ¿¡ ±×Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Â Á¡, Ä¿¹ö ÁÖÆļö´ë¿ªÀÌ ¹«·Á 50kHz ÀÌ»óÀ̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡µµ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù.



 

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ÀÌÂë¿¡¼­ Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ Â¤°í ³Ñ¾î°¡ÀÚ. ¿ì¼± Ŭ·¡½ºD´Â ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ÁõÆø ¹æ½Ä Áß Çϳª·Î, D´Â µðÁöÅÐ(Digital)ÀÇ ¡®D¡¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ŭ·¡½ºA, Ŭ·¡½ºB, Ŭ·¡½ºAB, Ŭ·¡½ºC¿¡ ÀÌÀº ¼ø¼­¸¸À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÁõÆø¹æ½Ä°ú ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº 1) ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ÀÔ·Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÀÏ´Ü µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£ÀÎ ÆÞ½º(Pulse. ³ôÀÌ´Â ¶È°°Áö¸¸ ÆøÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸£´Ù)·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù´Â °Í, 2) ÆÞ½ºÀÇ Æø(width)¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¸¸Å­ ½ºÀ§Äª(switching) ½Ã°£À» ´Þ¸®ÇØ ÁõÆøÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù´Â °Í, 3) ÀÌ °í¼Ó ½ºÀ§ÄªÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀÚ°¡ ¹Ù·Î Æ®·£Áö½ºÅͶó´Â °Í, ÀÌ ¼ÂÀÌ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ¹Ì±Ç¿¡¼­ Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆøÀ» ½ºÀ§Äª ÁõÆøÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Ù.

 

Âü°í·Î ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÆøÀÌ Àú¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ÆÞ½º°ªÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±× À¯¸íÇÑ PWM(Pulse Width Modulation. ÆÞ½ºÆøº¯Á¶)¿Í PDM(Pulse Density Modulation. ÆÞ½º¹Ðµµº¯Á¶)À̸ç, ÇØ´ç ÀåÄ¡·Î Æ®¶óÀÌ¾Þ±Û ¿þÀÌºê ¹ßÁø±â(Triangle Wave Generator) µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À§Äª ÁõÆøµÈ ÆÞ½º ½ÅÈ£´Â ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¿ÆнÃÅÍ¿Í ÄÚÀÏ·Î ÀÌ·ïÁø ·Î¿ìÆнº ÇÊÅ͸¦ °ÅÄ£ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯È¯µÇ´Âµ¥, ·Î¿ìÆнº ÇÊÅÍ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ½ºÀ§Äª ÁõÆø ¿ø¸®»ó ½ºÀ§Äª ÁÖÆļö ÀÚü°¡ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ³ëÀÌÁî¶ó ÇÒ ÃÊ°íÁÖÆÄÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

 

¾î·µç Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ÀåÁ¡Àº È¿À²ÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â °Í, Á¦Á¶´Ü°¡°¡ Àú·ÅÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í, ¹ß¿­ÀÌ Àû´Ù´Â °Í, ÆÄ¿ö¼­ÇöóÀÌ Àü¾ÐÀÌ ³·¾Æµµ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í, Àü·Â¼Ò¸ð°¡ Àû´Ù´Â °Í µîÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ÜÁ¡µµ Àִµ¥, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ·Î¿ìÆнº ÇÊÅ͸¦ °ÅÄ¡¸é¼­ ¿ø·¡ ¾Æ³¯·Î±× ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ °íÁÖÆÄ ´ë¿ªÀ» °Çµå¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â À§ÇèÀÌ »óÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ÁÖÆļö¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º°¡ ¿äµ¿À» Ä¡´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ ¹°·Á ÀÖ´Â ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ ´õ¿í ½É°¢ÇØÁø´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁ°¡ °í¿ª¿¡¼­ ·Ñ¿ÀÇÁ°¡ ÀϾ°Å³ª ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Ã»´ë¿ª´ë±îÁö À߶ó¸Ô´Â °Íµµ ÀÌ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.  



 

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ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÑ ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ¿´°í, ±× ȸ·Î°¡ À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¡®UcD¡¯¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ È¸·Î¸¦ ´õ¿í ¾÷±×·¹À̵å½ÃŲ ¸ðµâÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯À̾ú´Ù. ¡®Kaluga¡¯ ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ´ë¿ª ÆøÀÌ 50kHz ÀÌ»óÀÎ °Íµµ, 2¿È¿¡¼­ ÃÖ´ë Ãâ·Â 1200W¸¦ »Õ¾î³»´Â °Íµµ, ÀÌ ¶§ÀÇ È¿À²ÀÌ ¹«·Á 93%¸¦ ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¸ðµâ ´öºÐÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°°Àº ÆòźÇÑ ÁÖÆļö ÀÀ´äƯ¼º°ú °íÃâ·Â, °íÈ¿À² ´öºÐ¿¡ ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯Àº ¼¼Å¸ µðÁöÅÐ(Theta Digital)ÀÇ ¸ð³ëºí·° ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Prometheus¡¯¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ Á¦ÇÁ ·Ñ·£µå, º§Ä­Åä, NAD µî Ÿ ºê·£µå¿¡¼­µµ Áñ°Ü »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù.

 

À̹ۿ¡ ¡®Kaluga¡¯¿¡¼­´Â ½ÅÈ£ È帧À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º °ªÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇØ Ä¿³ØÅÍ ´ë½Å ºÎÇ°µéÀ» ÀÏÀÏÀÌ Á÷Á¢ º¸µå¿¡ ³³¶«ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ½Å·Ú°¨À» ÁØ´Ù. ½ÅÈ£´ëÀâÀ½ºñ(SNR) -128dB, Àü°íÁ¶ÆÄ¿ÖÀ²(THD) 0.003% µî ½ºÆåÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå´Ù. °ÔÀÎÀº ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ°úµµ °°Àº 28dB. ÀԷ´ÜÀº 2°³(¹ë·±½º/¾ð¹ë·±½º), ½ºÇÇÄ¿ Ãâ·Â¿ë ¹ÙÀεù Æ÷½ºÆ®´Â 2Á¶°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÆ´Ù.

 

 

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¡®Makua¡¯ + ¡®Kaluga¡¯ + ¡®Hagen¡¯ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ º»°Ý ½ÃûÀ» À§ÇØ Æò¼Ò ÀÚÁÖ µè´Â À½¿øÀ» ¸î °î °ñ¶ú´Ù. ¡®Makua¡¯¿¡ DAC°¡ ³»ÀåµÆ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¸ÆºÏ¿¡¾î¿Í USBÄÉÀ̺í·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑ CD±Þ ½ºÆ®¸®¹Ö ¼­ºñ½ºÀΠŸÀÌ´Þ(TIDAL)°ú ¸ÆºÏ¿¡¾î¿¡ ´ã±ä 24ºñÆ® À½¿øÀ» ÁÖ·Î µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ´Â ¹ë·±½º ÀÎÅÍÄÉÀ̺í·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù. ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÄÉÀ̺íÀº ¾Æ³¯¸®½Ã½º Ç÷¯½ºÀÇ ¡®Big Silver Oval¡¯À̶ó´Â Á¦Ç°À» µ¿¿øÇß´Ù. ¼øÀº¼±ÀÌ´Ù.

 

ÀÏ°¨Àº ¡®±Ø»ç½ÇÁÖÀÇ ÀçÇö¡¯À̶ó´Â °Í. °¡¼öÀÇ µé¼û°ú ³¯¼û, ±âŸ Çö°ú ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀÇ ¸¶ÂûÀ½, ½ÉÁö¾î ³ìÀ½½Ã¿¡ ³¤ ÇÃ·Î¾î ³ëÀÌÁî±îÁö ¸ðÁ¶¸® Àâ¾Æ³Â´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ÀλóÀº »ç¿îµå ½ºÅ×ÀÌÁö°¡ ¹«Ã´ ÀÔüÀûÀ̶ó´Â °Í. °î¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ç ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¹Ù±ù 1m Á¤µµ±îÁö ¹«´ë°¡ ÁÂ¿ì ¾ÕµÚ·Î ÆîÃÄÁ³´Ù. ¼¼¹ø° ÀλóÀº ¡®Hagen¡¯ÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ´ëÇü±â °°Àº dz¼ºÇÑ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»Áá´Ù´Â °Í. Çϱä, DAC¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÑ ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ°¡ 2000¸¸¿ø, µÎ µ¢ÀÌ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ°¡ 1200¸¸¿ø, ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ Àü¿ë½ºÅĵå(200¸¸¿ø) Æ÷ÇÔÇØ 800¸¸¿øÀÌ´Ï ÀÌ Á¤µµ ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º°¡ ¾È³ª¿À¸é ¡®¹è½Å¡¯ÀÌ´Ù.

 



 

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Anne Sofie Von Otter - Baby Plays Around

 

For The Stars

 

ù °îºÎÅÍ À̹ø Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ¡®¸ÅÁ÷¡¯¿¡ ÇѹÙÅÁ ¼Òµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾú´Ù. ¡®Baby Plays Around¡¯¸¦ Ʋ¾ú´Âµ¥ ³ëÀÌÁî°¡ ²Ï ±Í¿¡ °Å½½·È±â ¶§¹®. Ȥ½Ã USBÄÉÀ̺íÀÌ ³Ê¹« ±æ±â ¶§¹®Àΰ¡ ½Í¾î ªÀº ÄÉÀ̺í·Î ¹Ù²åÁö¸¸ º°¹«¼Ò¿ë. ÀÌ °î ³ìÀ½ ÀÚüÀÇ ÇÃ·Î¾î ³ëÀÌÁî°¡ ½ÉÇÑ ÁÙÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¸°Ô³ª ´ë³õ°í µå·¯³»ÁÖ´Â ½Ç·Â ȤÀº ³ÃÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Ù. ¹°·Ð 96dB¶ó´Â ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ ³ôÀº °¨µµ¿Í 400W ´ëÃâ·ÂÀÇ Çù°ø ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î·µç ¿ÀÅÍÀÇ µé¼û°ú ±âô, ÇǾƳë Çö°ú ÀÎŬ·ÎÀúÀÇÀÇ °ø¸íÀ½, ±âŸ Çö°ú ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀÇ ¸¶ÂûÀ½±îÁö ³¹³¹ÀÌ Àâ¾Æ³Â´Ù.

 



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Jennifer Warnes - Bird On Wire / Famous Blue Raincoat 
Famous Blue Raincoat

 

 

¡®³ìÀ½µÈ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î µé·ÁÁش١¯, ÀÌ·± Àǹ̿¡¼­ À̹ø Á¶ÇÕÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ´ö¸ñÀº ¡®±Ø»ç½ÇÁÖÀÇ¡¯¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â 2¹ø°·Î µéÀº °î¿¡¼­ ±Ø¸íÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³µ´Ù. Á¦´ÏÆÛ ¿ø½ºÀÇ ¡®Famous Blue Raincoat¡¯°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ À¯´Ö¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ¹Ù½Ï °®´Ù´òÁö¸¸ À̹ø¿¡´Â ³ëÀÌÁî°¡ ÀüÇô ¾Èµé¸°´Ù. ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¾Ç±â ¼Ò¸® ¿Ü¿¡´Â ±×³É ĦÈë°°Àº ¾ÏÈæÀÌ´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ³ëÀÌÁî °ü¸®°¡ ±×¸¸Å­ ÃâÁßÇÏ´Ù´Â ¹ÝÁõÀÌ´Ù. Æ÷Ä¿½Ì, ½ºÅ×ÀÌ¡, À̹Ì¡ ¸ðµÎ ¸¸Á¡¿¡ °¡±î¿î °¡¿îµ¥, ¹Ù´ÚÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿ï¸®´Â ÿ·ÎÀÇ ¹¬Á÷ÇÑ Àú¿ª¿¡µµ ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Ù. ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ Àú¿ª ÇÏÇÑ ¡®60Hz¡¯´Â ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 



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Timothy Seelig - John Rutter Requiem 'Pie Jesu' 
The Turtle Creek Chorale

 

 

ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Makua¡¯ÀÇ ºÐÇØ´É°ú ÇØ»ó·Â¿¡ °¨ÅºÇß´Ù. ¿©¼ºÇÕâ´ÜÀÌ ¾Æ·¡ÂÊ ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡, ³²¼ºÇÕâ´ÜÀÌ À§ÂÊ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ µµ¿­ÇØÀÖ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ¼±¸íÇÏ°Ô ±×·ÁÁ³´Ù. ¼ÒÇÁ¶ó³ë´Â Àú ¸Ö¸®¼­ ¾ÆµæÇÏ°Ô µé¸®´Âµ¥ »ç¿îµå ÀÚü´Â ¶Ç·ÇÇÏ´Ù. ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¸¸ÀÌ ±¸ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¡®¿ø±Ù°¨¡¯ÀÌ ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¡®Makua¡¯¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ DAC¿Í ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ ÀÚüÀÇ ºÐÇØ´ÉÀÌ ±×¸¸Å­ °íÇ°ÁúÀ̶ó´Â ¹ÝÁõ. ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Kaluga¡¯´Â Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆøÀ̶ó´Â ¼±ÀÔ°ßÀ» º¸¶õµíÀÌ ¹è¹ÝÇß´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö ¼ö¾øÀÌ µé¾î¿Ô´ø Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁ ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ¡®°ÇÁ¶, ¸Þ¸¶¸§, ÆÛ¼®°Å¸², ³ÃÁ¤, ¾Ó»ó¡¯ ÀÌ·± Ư¡µéÀÌ ÀüÇô °üÂûµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

 



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Leonard Bernstein - Mahler Symphony No.2 1st movement 
New York Philharmonic Orchestra

 

 

ÀÌ °îÀº ¸ÅĪ ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ ¡®À¯´Ö 1°³¡¯¶ó´Â ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» µÚÁý´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µé·ÁÁá´Ù. ÃÊ¹Ý Ã¿·Î¿Í º£À̽º°¡ Àϱų»´Â Àú¿ªÀÇ Á¸Àç°¨°ú ¿ø±Ù°¨, ¾àÀ½¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ µðÅ×ÀÏ ÀçÇö°ú ´ë¿ª¹ë·±½º, ÅõƼ¿¡¼­ÀÇ °Åħ¾ø´Â ÅÍÆ®¸²°ú ºÐÃâ±îÁö. ƯÈ÷ ÆÀÆÄ´Ï ¿¬Å¸¿Í ÅõƼ¿¡¼­´Â ¾îµð ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ¿ìÆÛ³ª ¼­ºê¿ìÆÛ¸¦ ¼û°Ü³õÀº °Ô ¾Æ´Ò±î ½ÍÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÃÖ¼Ò 3¿þÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ëÇü±â °°Àº ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³µ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, ±Ý°üµéÀÌ ÀÏÁ¦È÷ °¡¼¼ÇÑ ´ë¸ñ¿¡¼­´Â ¾à°£ ¡®½î´Â¡¯ ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³µ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Kaluga¡¯ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ ¿ö³« ¼Ã±â ¶§¹®À¸·Î º¸¿©Áø´Ù. ±âȸ°¡ ´ê´Â´Ù¸é °°Àº °îÀ» Á÷¿­3±Ø°üÀ¸·Î ±¸µ¿µÇ´Â 10W ³»¿ÜÀÇ ¼ÒÃâ·Â Áø°ø°ü ¾ÚÇÁ¿¡ ¹°·Á µè°í ½Í´Ù.

 

À̹ۿ¡ ºê¶óÀ̾ð ºê·Ò¹ö±×ÀÇ ¡®Come Together¡¯¿¡¼­´Â ¸¶¸¥ Çϴÿ¡ ¹ø°³°¡ ³»¸®Ä¡µí ¿ìµå º£À̽ºÀÇ ¿Â°® ¾ÆƼŧ·¹À̼ÇÀÌ »ý»ýÈ÷ µå·¯³µ°í, à¾ÜŲ½ºÀÇ ¡®Life In My Treehouse¡¯¿¡¼­´Â ÃÊ¹Ý Â÷ÀÓ ¼Ò¸®°¡ ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¹°°áó·³ À¯À¯È÷ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ´ë¸ñÀÌ ±â¸·Çû´Ù. ¿¡À̺ñ½¼ ¾Ó»óºíÀÇ ¡®ºñ¹ßµð »ç°è Áß ¿©¸§¡¯¿¡¼­´Â °¢Á¾ Çö¾Ç±âÀÇ ¿¬ÁÖ¸¦ ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡¼­ °üÂûÇÏ´Â µíÇÑ »ý»ýÇÔ°ú ÇöÀå°¨ÀÌ µÎµå·¯Á³´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ¼Ò¸®°¡ ºÎµå·¯¿ï ¶§´Â ÇѾøÀÌ ºÎµå·´°Ô, ¼í¼Ò¸®°¡ ³¯ ¶§´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ³¯ °Í ±×´ë·Î µé·Á °¨ÅºÇß´Ù.

 


 

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ÀϺΠÇÏÀÌ¿£µå ºê·£µå´Â Àç´ÉÀÖ´Â ÀåÀεéÀ» ¿ëº´½ÄÀ¸·Î ²ø¾îµé¿© ¾ÚÇÁ¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. Àüü ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®¸¸ ÀßµÇ¸é º° ¹®Á¦ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÀÚÄ© °³¼ºÀÌ ÈåÆ®·¯Áú ¿ì·Á°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ ±× ÀåÀÎÀÌ °ü°è¸¦ û»êÇÏ°í ¶°³ª¸é ¾Æ¿¹ Á¦Ç° »ý»êÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇØÁø´Ù´Â ¸®½ºÅ©µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ÆÇ¸ÅµÈ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ °æ¿ì »çÈÄ°ü¸®µµ Èûµé´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÃ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¼¼»óÀ» ±ô¦ ³î·¡Å² ¿øõ±â¼úÀ» °¡Áø ¿£Áö´Ï¾î°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µç ¾ÚÇÁ´Â ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. DACÀÇ ¾Èµå·¹¾Æ½º ÄÚÈå, ij½Ã µµµ¨, ¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ³Ú½¼ Æнº, ¸¶Å© ·¹ºó½¼, Àª¸®¾ö ÄÜ·¡µå, ´í ´Ù°í½ºÆ¼³ë, ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ ÇÁ¶ûÄÚ ¼¼ºí¸°, ·¹À̸յå ÄíÅ©, Æú Ŭ¸³½¬, ÇÇÅÍ Å丶½º µîÀÌ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì´Ù. À̵éÀÌ ¸¸µç Á¦Ç°Àº ÀÏ´Ü »ö±òÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°í, ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù.



 

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ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡¼­ ¸ô¶ó¸ô¶ó´Â ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÌÀÚ È¸·Î¼³°è°¡ÀÎ ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌÀÇ °³¼ºÀÌ ±×¾ß¸»·Î ¿À·ÔÀÌ ´ã±ä ºê·£µå´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Makua¡¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì DAC°ú ÁõÆø¸ðµâÀ» ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼³°èÇß°í, ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¡®Kaluga¡¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆø¸ðµâ ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯ ÀÚü°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¿ªÀÛÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¹Ì´Ï¸ÖÇÑ µðÀÚÀÎÀº È­·æÁ¡Á¤. »ç¿îµåÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¡®ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î µé·ÁÁش١¯, Áï ÇÑÄ¡ÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀ̳ª Âø»öÀÌ ¾ø´Â Àç»ýÀ̶ó´Â Á¡ÀÌ µµµå¶óÁø´Ù. ±Ø»ç½ÇÁÖÀÇdzÀ¸·Î ±×¸° ¼¼¹ÐÈ­¸¦ µé¿©´Ùº» °Í °°Àº ´À³¦. ƯÈ÷ ¡®Makua¡¯ÀÇ ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ ºÐÇØ´É°ú ÃÊÀú³ëÀÌÁî °ü¸®, ¡®Kaluga¡¯ÀÇ ¸®µå¹ÌÄÃÇÑ µå¶óÀ̺ù ´É·ÂÀº ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ ¿À·¡ ±â¾ï¿¡ ³²À» °Í °°´Ù.

 

 

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Specification

Makua Pre Amplifier

Maximum input/output level

20 dBu (7.75 Vrms)

Unweighted noise voltage at unity gain

1.9 uV

Input impedance

100 kohm

Output impedance

44 ohm

Distortion at maximum signal level (THD, IMD) not measurable, estimated around -150dB.
Bandwidth >200 kHz
Gain range -70 dB to +15 dB
Gain resolution <1 dB, better than 0.2 dB over normal listening range.
Dimensions 420mm(W) x 110mm (H) x 345mm
Depth includes volume knob and connectors.
Weight 11 Kg
Kaluga monoblock Power Amplifier
Output power 400 W/8 ohm
700W/4 ohm
1200W/2 ohm
Gain 28 dB
Unweighted Signal/Noise Ratio 128 dB
Distortion (THD, IMD) <0.003 % (all frequencies and power levels)
Input Impedance 100 kohm
Output Impedance <0.002 ohm (DF>4000), all frequencies.
Bandwidth >50 kHz
I/O Balanced and unbalanced input.
2 pairs of Furutech binding posts, biwired directly to the amplifier PCB using Kubala¡¤Sosna cable.
Dimensions 200mm(W) x 110mm (H) x 335mm (D)
Depth includes speaker terminals.
Weight 7 Kg (each)

Mola-Mola Makua Pre, Kaluga monoblock Power Amplifier

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ž¿Àµð¿À

¼öÀÔ»ç ¿¬¶ôó

070-7767-7021

¼öÀÔ»ç ȨÆäÀÌÁö

www.topaudio.co.kr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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¿Àµð¿À ¸®ºä¸¦ ÇÏ´Ùº¸¸é 'ù ´À³¦'ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Á¤È®ÇÒ ¶§°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ¿À·¡ µéÀ»¼ö·Ï ¾î´À»õ ±× ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ³» ±Í°¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® µµ´ëü ´Ù¸¥ Á¦Ç°°ú ¹¹°¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥Áö µÚÁ×¹ÚÁ׵DZ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ óÀ½ ¿Àµð¿À¸¦ ¼¼ÆÃÇسõ°í µé¸®´Â ù¼Ò¸®¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °¨°¢À» µ¿¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ, À̹ø Á¶ÇÕÀº À½ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ °ö±¸³ª, À̹ø ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ´ë¿ª¹ë·±½º°¡ µ¸º¸À̳×, ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏ°¨ÀÌ ¿ì¼±À̶ó´Â ¾ê±â´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù ³×´ú¶õµå ¸ô¶ó¸ô¶ó(Mola-Mola)ÀÇ ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ 'Makua', ¸ð³ëºí·° ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ 'Kaluga', µ¶ÀÏ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ(Voxativ)ÀÇ Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿ 'Hagen' Á¶ÇÕÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÏ°¨Àº '±Ø»ç½ÇÁÖÀÇ ÀçÇö'À̶ó´Â °Í. °¡¼öÀÇ µé¼û°ú ³¯¼û, ±âŸ Çö°ú ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀÇ ¸¶ÂûÀ½, ½ÉÁö¾î ³ìÀ½½Ã¿¡ ³¤ ÇÃ·Î¾î ³ëÀÌÁî±îÁö ¸ðÁ¶¸® Àâ¾Æ³Â´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ÀλóÀº »ç¿îµå ½ºÅ×ÀÌÁö°¡ ¹«Ã´ ÀÔüÀûÀ̶ó´Â °Í. °î¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ç ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¹Ù±ù 1m Á¤µµ±îÁö ¹«´ë°¡ ÁÂ¿ì ¾ÕµÚ·Î ÆîÃÄÁ³´Ù. ¼¼¹ø° ÀλóÀº 'Hagen'ÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ´ëÇü±â °°Àº dz¼ºÇÑ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»Áá´Ù´Â °Í. Çϱä, DAC¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÑ ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ°¡ 2000¸¸¿ø, µÎ µ¢ÀÌ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ°¡ 1200¸¸¿ø, ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ Àü¿ë½ºÅĵå(200¸¸¿ø) Æ÷ÇÔÇØ 800¸¸¿øÀÌ´Ï ÀÌ Á¤µµ ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º°¡ ¾È ³ª¿À¸é '¹è½Å'ÀÌ´Ù.

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¿ì¼± ¸ô¶ó¸ô¶ó´Â Çʸ³½º Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¿Àµð¿À ¿£Áö´Ï¾î ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ(Bruno Putzeys)¿Í ¾á ÆäÅ͸£ ¹Ý ¾Æ¸Þ·Õ°Õ(Jan-Peter van Amerongen)ÀÌ ³×´ú¶õµå ±×·Î´×°Õ(Groningen)¿¡ ¼³¸³ÇÑ ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå ¿Àµð¿À Á¦ÀÛ»ç·Î, 'Mola'´Â ¹Ù´å¹°°í±âÀÎ °³º¹Ä¡¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î À̵éÀÇ ½º¸¶Æ®ÆùÀ̳ª PC/MAC ¾ÛÀº ±Í¿©¿î °³º¹Ä¡ ¸ð¾çÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 'Makua'¿Í 'Kaluga' ¿ª½Ã ¿·¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ºÎµå·¯¿î À¯¼±Çü ¸ð¾çÀÇ °³º¹Ä¡ ¼¨½Ã µðÀÚÀÎ. µÎ Á¦Ç° ¸ðµÎ ±º´õ´õ±â ¾ø´Â ¹Ì´Ï¸ÖÇÑ ¿Ü°üÀÌ ´«±æÀ» ²ö´Ù.     

'Makua'´Â ¶óÀÎ ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁÀε¥, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¸ðµâÈ­ÇÑ °¢ ÁõÆø´ÜÀ» 'Â÷µ¿ÁõÆø'(single-ended driven differential) ȸ·Î·Î ¼³°è, ³ëÀÌÁî À¯ÀÔ¹æÁö¸¦ ¸·Àº Á¡ÀÌ ´«±æÀ» ²ö´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ DSDµµ Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â DAC¿Í LP¸¦ Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æ÷³ë¾ÚÇÁ¸¦ ¿ª½Ã ¸ðµâ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ³»ºÎ¿¡ ÀåÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø ½Ãû±â´Â ¼³¸³ÀÚÀÎ ºê·ç³ë Ǫġ½º°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼³°èÇÑ DAC°¡ ³»ÀåµÈ ¸ðµ¨. PCMÀº 32ºñÆ®/384khz±îÁö, DSD´Â DSD256±îÁö Àç»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀԷ´ÜÀº ¾ð¹ë·±½º(RCA)¿Í ¹ë·±½º(XLR)°¡ °¢°¢ 5Á¶¾¿ ¸¶·ÃµÆ°í, Ãâ·Â´ÜÀº ¹ÙÀ̾ÚÇÎÀ» À§ÇØ 2Á¶°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÆ´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀÓÇÇ´ø½º´Â 44¿È, ÃÖ´ë Ãâ·ÂÀü¾ÐÀº 7.75Vrms, º¼·ýÀ» ÅëÇÑ °ÔÀÎ Á¶Àý¹üÀ§´Â -70dB~+15dB.

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'Kaluga'´Â Á¿ìä³ÎÀ» °¢°¢ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â µÎ µ¢ÀÌ ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ·Î, Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆøÀ» ÅëÇØ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º°ªÀÌ 8¿ÈÀÏ °æ¿ì ¹«·Á 400W Ãâ·ÂÀ» »Õ¾î³½´Ù. 4¿È¿¡¼­´Â 700W, ½ÉÁö¾î À¢¸¸ÇÑ ¾ÚÇÁ¶ó¸é Ȧ¶û Ÿ¹ö¸± 2¿È¿¡¼­µµ 1200W¸¦ ³½´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ Æø 20cm, ³ôÀÌ 11cm, ¾È±æÀÌ 33.5cm¿¡ ¹«°Ô°¡ 7kg¹Û¿¡ ¾È³ª°£´Ù. Ãâ·Â ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º°¡ 0.002¿È¿¡ ºÒ°úÇØ ´ïÇÎÆÑÅÍ°¡ ¹«·Á 4000ÀÎ Á¡¿¡µµ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ ¸ðµâÀº ºê·ç³ë ǪÁ¦ÀÌ°¡ ÇÏÀÌÆ彺(Hypex) ÀçÁ÷ ½ÃÀý °³¹ß, 93%¶ó´Â °æÀÌÀûÀÎ È¿À²À» ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â ¡®Ncore NC1200¡¯ ¸ðµâÀ» äÅÃÇß´Ù. 
 
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º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ´Â º¥Ã÷ ¿©¼º ¿£Áö´Ï¾î Ãâ½ÅÀÎ À̳׽º ¾Æµé·¯(Ines Adler)°¡ 2005³â µ¶ÀÏ º£¸¦¸°¿¡ ¼¼¿î Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¹× ¾ÚÇÁ Á¦ÀÛ»ç. ¶óƾ¾î¿¡¼­ µû¿Â 'Voxativ'´Â '¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¼Ò¸®'(Voice of the Future)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ´Ü ÇÑ °³ÀÇ À¯´ÖÀ¸·Î Àü ´ë¿ª´ë¸¦ Ä¿¹öÇÏ´Â ½ºÇÇÄ¿·Î, µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ À¯´ÖÀÌ µé¾î°£ ÀÏ¹Ý ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ 'ÇʼöÇ°' ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ȸ·Î°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¶§¹®¿¡ À½Áú¿­È­¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ±Ùº» ¿äÀÎÀ» Â÷´ÜÇß´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ À¯¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸, Àú¿ª°ú °í¿ªÀÇ Àç»ýÀÌ ±×¸¸Å­ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð º¸Äà °°Àº Áß¿ª´ë Àç»ý¿¡¼­´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¡®°©¡¯ÀÌ´Ù.     

±×·±µ¥ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ À¯´ÖÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¸é '·Î´õ'(Lowther)°¡ ¾Æ´Ò±î ½ÍÀ» Á¤µµ·Î »©´à¾Ò´Ù. Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ÀÚÀÛÆĵéÀÇ ¹ÙÀ̺í°úµµ °°Àº ±× ·Î´õ À¯´Ö ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ·Î´õ´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ À½Çâ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ Æú º¸ÀÕ(Paul Voigt. 1901~1981)ÀÌ ¼³¸³ÇÑ Á¦ÀÛ»ç. 1947³â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Æ®À© ÄÜ À¯´ÖÀ» °³¹ß, Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ »õ·Î ¾´ ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ´Ù. °í¿ª °³¼±À» À§ÇØ ÁßÀú¿ª¿ë ÄÜ À§¿¡ °í¿ª¿ë º¸Á¶ ÄÜ 'ÈÖÀú'(whizzer)¸¦ ºÙ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÈÖÀú ¾È¿¡´Â °í¿ªÀÇ ¿øÇÒÇÑ ¹æ»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿ø»Ô ¸ð¾çÀÇ ÆäÀÌÁî Ç÷¯±×°¡ ºÙ¾ú´Ù. ·Î´õ À¯´ÖÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àüü µðÀÚÀÎÀÌ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ À¯´Ö°ú ¶È°°¾Æ º¸Àδٴ ¾ê±â´Ù.

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ÀÌ´Â À̳׽º ¾Æµé·¯°¡ ·Î´õ ¸¶´Ï¾Æ¿´°í ·Î´õ À¯´ÖÀÇ ¸Å·Â¿¡ ºüÁ® ¿Àµð¿À¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹ú¾îÁø ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ÀÇØ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×³à´Â ·Î´õ¿Í´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö À¯´ÖÀ» ¸¸µé°í ½Í¾îÇß´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ºÎÁ·ÇÑ Àú¿ª°ú °í¿ª, ƯÀ¯ÀÇ »çÀ¯Æà ¼Ò¸® °°Àº ·Î´õ À¯´ÖÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ °Å½½·È±â ¶§¹®. ±×·¡¼­ º¸ÀÚƼÇÁ´Â 'Áøµ¿ÆÇ' ÄÜÁö(diaphragm)ÀÇ ¹«°Ô¸¦ ´ëÆø ÁÙ¿© °í¿ª Àç»ý´É·ÂÀ» ³ôÀÌ°í, ÈçÈ÷ '¿§Áö'¶ó ºÎ¸£´Â ¼­¶ó¿îµåÀÇ ¾ÕµÚ À̵¿°Å¸®¸¦ ´ëÆø ´Ã·Á ÇØ»ó·ÂÀ» ³ô¿´´Ù.     

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À̹ø ½Ãû±â´Â º¸ÀÚƼÇÁÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ºÏ½©ÇÁÇü 'Hagen'ÀÌ´Ù. 5ÀÎÄ¡Â¥¸® Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö À¯´Ö(AF-Hagen)À» žÀçÇØ 60Hz~20kHz ´ë¿ªÀ» Ä¿¹öÇÑ´Ù. °¨µµ´Â Ç®·¹ÀÎÁö´ä°Ô ¹«·Á 96dB¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. ¹«°Ô´Â 6kg. 'AF-Hagen' À¯´ÖÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Æä¶óÀÌÆ® ¸¶±×³ÝÀ» ¾´ 'AF-1.5'ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î Á»´õ °­·ÂÇÑ ÀÚ¼ÓÀÇ ³×¿Àµð¹Å ¸¶±×³ÝÀ» ¾´ ¡®AF-2.6¡¯ À¯´ÖÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.     

¹é·ÎµåÈ¥ Ãⱸ(Æ÷Æ®)´Â Àü¸é ÆгΠ¹Ø¿¡ ½½¸´ ÇüÅ·Π³ª ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÇ¾Æ³ë ·¡Ä¿ ¸¶°¨ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô´Ù. À̹ۿ¡ ´«±æÀ» ²ô´Â °ÍÀº Àü¿ë ½ºÅĵåÀε¥, À­¸é ³× ±ÍÅüÀÌ¿¡ »ÏÁ·ÇÑ ½ºÆÄÀÌÅ©°¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ¾î 'Hagen'À» 2§¯ Á¤µµ »ì¦ °øÁߺξç½ÃŲ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ±ò²ûÇÏ°í ¼±¸íÇÑ Àú¿ªÀç»ýÀ» À§Çؼ­´Ù.

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Makua+Kaluga+Hagen Á¶ÇÕÀÇ º»°Ý ½ÃûÀ» À§ÇØ Æò¼Ò ÀÚÁÖ µè´Â À½¿øÀ» ¸î °î °ñ¶ú´Ù. 'Makua'¿¡ DAC°¡ ³»ÀåµÆ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¸ÆºÏ¿¡¾î¿Í USBÄÉÀ̺í·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑ CD±Þ ½ºÆ®¸®¹Ö ¼­ºñ½ºÀΠŸÀÌ´Þ(TIDAL)°ú ¸ÆºÏ¿¡¾î¿¡ ´ã±ä 24ºñÆ® À½¿øÀ» ÁÖ·Î µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ´Â ¹ë·±½º ÀÎÅÍÄÉÀ̺í·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù. ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÄÉÀ̺íÀº ¾Æ³¯¸®½Ã½º Ç÷¯½ºÀÇ 'Big Silver Oval'À̶ó´Â Á¦Ç°À» µ¿¿øÇß´Ù. ¼øÀº¼±ÀÌ´Ù.     

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'³ìÀ½µÈ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î µé·ÁÁØ´Ù', ÀÌ·± Àǹ̿¡¼­ À̹ø Á¶ÇÕÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ´ö¸ñÀº '±Ø»ç½ÇÁÖÀÇ'¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â 2¹ø° °î¿¡¼­ ±Ø¸íÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³µ´Ù. Á¦´ÏÆÛ ¿ø½ºÀÇ 'Famous Blue Raincoat'°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÇÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ À¯´Ö¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ¹Ù½Ï °®´Ù´òÁö¸¸ À̹ø¿¡´Â ³ëÀÌÁî°¡ ÀüÇô ¾Èµé¸°´Ù. ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¾Ç±â ¼Ò¸® ¿Ü¿¡´Â ±×³É ĦÈë°°Àº ¾ÏÈæÀÌ´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¿Í ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁÀÇ ³ëÀÌÁî °ü¸®°¡ ±×¸¸Å­ ÃâÁßÇÏ´Ù´Â ¹ÝÁõÀÌ´Ù. Æ÷Ä¿½Ì, ½ºÅ×ÀÌ¡, À̹Ì¡ ¸ðµÎ ¸¸Á¡¿¡ °¡±î¿î °¡¿îµ¥, ¹Ù´ÚÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿ï¸®´Â ÿ·ÎÀÇ ¹¬Á÷ÇÑ Àú¿ª¿¡µµ ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Ù. ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ Àú¿ª ÇÏÇÑ '60Hz'´Â ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.     

ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ 'Makua'ÀÇ ºÐÇØ´É°ú ÇØ»ó·Â¿¡ °¨ÅºÇÑ °îÀº ÅÍƲ Å©¸¯ ÇÕâ´ÜÀÇ 'Pie Jesu'. ¿©¼ºÇÕâ´ÜÀÌ ¾Æ·¡ÂÊ ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡, ³²¼ºÇÕâ´ÜÀÌ À§ÂÊ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ µµ¿­ÇØÀÖ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ¼±¸íÇÏ°Ô ±×·ÁÁ³´Ù. ¼ÒÇÁ¶ó³ë´Â Àú ¸Ö¸®¼­ ¾ÆµæÇÏ°Ô µé¸®´Âµ¥ »ç¿îµå ÀÚü´Â ¶Ç·ÇÇÏ´Ù. ÇÏÀÌ¿£µå ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ¸¸ÀÌ ±¸ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â '¿ø±Ù°¨'ÀÌ ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â 'Makua'¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ DAC¿Í ÇÁ¸®¾ÚÇÁ ÀÚüÀÇ ºÐÇØ´ÉÀÌ ±×¸¸Å­ °íÇ°ÁúÀ̶ó´Â ¹ÝÁõ. ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇÁ 'Kaluga'´Â Ŭ·¡½ºD ÁõÆøÀ̶ó´Â ¼±ÀÔ°ßÀ» º¸¶õµíÀÌ ¹è¹ÝÇß´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö ¼ö¾øÀÌ µé¾î¿Ô´ø Ŭ·¡½ºD ¾ÚÇÁ ƯÀ¯ÀÇ '°ÇÁ¶, ¸Þ¸¶¸§, ÆÛ¼®°Å¸², ³ÃÁ¤, ¾Ó»ó' ÀÌ·± Ư¡µéÀÌ ÀüÇô °üÂûµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

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kimkwmy@naver.com

ANALOGUE DESIGN FOR A DIGITAL AGE

With the knowledge in hand to design minimally invasive electronics without needing to be minimalist, we decided that our preamp should be complete. Very complete.
Pre webThe basic Makua is an extremely transparent gain stage and a programmable routing matrix. The chassis has ample room to fit optional extras, most notably a DAC and a phono stage. The 6 preset buttons are programmable via USB or Bluetooth to access any combination of channel, processing and routing. In a system with mainly digital sources, the preset buttons would be programmed to select between them. Pre back webVinyl lovers on the other hand might want to use several buttons to select the same turntable but with different EQ settings to suit their large collection of historic LP's. All five inputs are switchable between XLR and floating RCA connections, and all can be assigned as either phono or line.
All stages in the Makua use discrete amplifier modules in a little known topology called ¡°single-ended driven differential¡±. Compared to doubly executed signal paths, this structure prevents noise from propagating all the way through. pre architectureThe Makua is amazingly immune to influences like mains quality and choice of interlinks. The relay-based volume control directly controls the gain of the output stage. Dynamic range and linearity of this arrangement is much greater than those of stepped attenuators. Operation is smooth and entirely glitch free.

 


I/O

  • 5 balanced and 5 unbalanced inputs, all routable through optional processor boards like the phono stage.
  • 2 parallel outputs for bi-amping.
  • 4 programmable trigger outputs.

Processing

  • Balance and input gain offset.
  • Phase invert and mono sum.
  • Full software control of routing and processing

Performance

  • Maximum input/output level: 20 dBu (7.75 Vrms)
  • Unweighted noise voltage at unity gain: 1.9 uV
  • Input impedance: 100 kohm
  • Output impedance: 44 ohm
  • Distortion at maximum signal level (THD, IMD): not measurable, estimated around -150dB.
  • Bandwidth >200 kHz
  • Gain range: -70 dB to +15 dB.
  • Gain resolution: <1 dB, better than 0.2 dB over normal listening range.

Dimensions and Weight

  • 420mm(W) x 110mm (H) x 345mm (D). Depth includes volume knob and connectors.
  • 11kg

DAC

The Mola-Mola DAC: Future-Proof by Being Far Ahead.

You probably know the frustration of discovering your DAC has suddenly gone out of date because some new super chip has hit the market. We decided to stay out of that cycle and design, from the ground up, a discrete DAC whose unbeatable staying power results simply from being more than 10 years ahead of the performance curve. There's room enough for improvement: today¡¯s best DAC chip claims no better than 22 bits¡¯ worth of dynamic range and only 20 bits¡¯ worth of linearity. High resolution music deserves better than that. Mola-Mola¡¯s DAC is designed from the ground up using circuits and digital algorithms that were entirely developed in house.

DAC_web_final.jpg


The converter is a three board stack that fits in one of the option slots in the preamp. On the first board, all incoming digital audio is upsampled to 3.125MHz/32 bits and converted to noise shaped PWM. The two remaining boards are mono DACs, in which a discrete 32-stage FIR DAC and a single-stage 4th order filtering I/V converter convert the PWM into analogue with a breathtaking 140dB SNR. This is near the theoretical limit for 24-bit files and far beyond that of even quad-speed DSD. Uniquely, distortion remains below the noise floor even for full scale signals. A quick look at current and historic trends of high-end IC¡¯s indicates that for the foreseeable future this kind of performance will remain unavailable to manufacturers forced to rely on the same ¡°chip du jour¡± that also powers their competitors¡¯ products.

Even by today¡¯s exacting standards, extraordinary care has been taken deal with jitter. Mola-Mola¡¯s DAC uses a home-grown asynchronous upsampling algorithm whose input frequency measurement slows down rapidly until after a few seconds of lock, the frequency ratio measurement is frozen. Frequency stability is then wholly determined by the internal clock, a laboratory grade 100MHz SC-cut oscillator. This is effectively an atomic clock sans the physics package (which contributes nothing to spectral purity but quite a lot to cost).

Inputs

  • XLR, Optical, USB and Bluetooth (A2DP)

Supported formats

  • PCM up to 384 kHz /32 bits (>192 kHz and >24 bits only via USB)
  • DSD up to quad speed (DDSD and up only via USB)

Performance

  • Full-Scale Output Level: 20 dBu
  • Signal to Noise Ratio: 140 dB (standalone version), 130dB (preamp option board)
  • THD, IMD: not measurable (estimated -150 dB).
  • Bandwidth: Up to 80 kHz. Choice of sharp or slow upsampling filters, minimum or linear phase.
  • Integrated jitter: <1 ps from 10 Hz upwards, <300 fs from 1 kHz upwards.
  • Jitter rejection: >80 dB at 1 Hz after 20 seconds of lock.
Æ÷³ë

An Archival Grade Phono Stage

What was originally intended to be a simple RIAA add-on for the Makua Preamp has quickly spiraled into the quietest and probably most versatile phono stage ever built.
MM_web_small.jpg
MC/MM input stages are optimized for current noise and voltage noise respectively. Unlike the more common arrangement of an MC head amp feeding into the MM stage, the two stages are fully independent, realising an equally short signal path for both. Input gain is switchable in 5dB steps over a 40dB range. Input resistance and capacitance are individually switchable. Available EQ settings cover practically all known cutting curves ever used, including most 78RPM.
All settings are software controllable, either on the fly using a PC or tablet computer or directly stored under the preset buttons. And since the preamp can route any input through the phono stage, only one is needed even if you have multiple turntables and elements connected.

Performance

  • Input noise (MC): 0.35 nV/rtHz
  • Input noise (MM): 0.9 pA/rtHz
  • Sensitivity: variable from 30 uV to 5 mV
  • THD, IMD: not measurable
  • RIAA conformance: +/-0.1 dB.

Available time constants

  • t1: 200, 250, 318, 400, 450 us
  • t2: 50, 64, 75, 100 us
  • bass shelf: 14, 18, 20dB
 
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